Architectural portraits of medieval buildings often popularize restorations. When Victor Hugo made the cathedral famous in his novel, Notre-Dame de Paris (1831), he described a building that had been badly damaged during the French Revolution. It was restored in the mid-nineteenth-century by architects Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc and Jean-Baptiste Lassus. The Gallery of Kings above the portals was battered by revolutionaries but re-installed in pristine form during the Restoration.