David Kimhi (approximately 1160–1235) was a grammarian and exegete of Narbonne, Provence. Sefer ha-shorashim is the lexicon of a two-part philological treatise. His chief contribution in grammar lies in the arrangement of the material and the popularization of the division of the vowels into five long and five short, the treatment of the nifal as the passive of the kal, and the recognition of the dagesh lene.