1 10 1664 https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3468/CulturesInClay-OmekaSplash-400x672.jpg 8965cd6b01cef0d94fd10573c66d8786 https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3468/CulturesInClay-OmekaSplash-Seal-400x574.jpg f3848cb451719cfd25c11adbfca45398 https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3468/CulturesInClay-Splash-500x300.1.jpg a0157c3f64a3cdd0ab359457a08c0501 https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3468/clay-pieces.jpg 121f10ca6ec8a33a702934a8bbf97982 https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3468/CulturesInClay-Splash-500x300.1.1.jpg a0157c3f64a3cdd0ab359457a08c0501 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Items for Cultures in Clay Exhibit] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carla Beals https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/90/3466/Stevenson_Assyrian_Contracts-161.1.jpg ae0668d3ddbcc822d0cf9620342cf25a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource James H. Stevenson Collection Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Assyrian and Babylonian contracts, with Aramaic reference notes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James Henry Stevenson Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available American Book Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 Description An account of the resource Dr. James Henry Stevenson studied and translated contract texts from the British Museum, which are written in Assyrian and Babylonian cuneiform along with Aramaic inscriptions. Stevenson admits the cuneiform is difficult, but the Aramaic is far harder to decipher because it was (lightly) scratched into the tablets. For those interested in Semitic paleography, these Assyrian and Babylonian contracts are a helpful guide to understanding the changes Aramaic underwent from the seventh to fifth centuries BCE. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived James Stevenson Collection. Vanderbilt University Special Collections Cultures in Clay https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3465/New_Cuneiform_Dev_Chart_final.1.jpg 3d781dd28c10007f49877cbf45594c0a https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3465/New_Cuneiform_Dev_Chart_2nd_page.jpg 4e148ec15c06ae2e056923817a462e44 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cuneiform Development Chart Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Annalisa Azzoni, Jonathan Redding, Serena McMillian, Michael Sekuras Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Description An account of the resource This chart (adapted from René Labat, Manuel D’Epigraphie Akkadienne: Signes, Syllabaire, Ideogrammes) shows the development of classical Akkadian syllabic cuneiform from older Sumerian pictographs and logograms. The first column on the left gives the Sumerian and Akkadian words along with the English translation. The next columns depict classical Sumerian (ca. 2400 BCE) pictographs followed by their corresponding cuneiform logograms. Old Assyrian/Babylonian cuneiform (ca. 2000 BCE) develops from these Sumerian signs in the fourth column. Finally, Neo-Assyrian/Babylonian (ca. 1000 BCE) syllabic adaptations result in the simplified cuneiform of the fifth column. Note the progressing development of cuneiform symbols from recognizable shapes, which served as closer representations of a word or idea in Sumerian, to representations of various syllables or words in Akkadian. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Vanderbilt University Divinity Library Cultures in Clay https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3464/Cylinder-Seals.1.jpg b48ed8b96cd704f9b3643868ee373131 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Cylinder Seals] Description An account of the resource Cylinder seals were invented around 3500 BCE and came into use with the development of cuneiform writing. The seals retained their popularity through the Akkadian, Assyrian and late Babylonian eras. They were not only a mark of ownership but a form of legal signature to a written document. When the cylinder was rolled across the moist clay, it formed a raised impression and was then sun-baked for preservation. These seals, carried by officials and merchants, indicate how far reaching their trading was. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Arno Poebel Collection. Vanderbilt University Divinity Library Cultures in Clay https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3463/Cuneiform.jpg 43c17c53659f063347407e79eedb6187 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Cuneiform] Description An account of the resource Cuneiform is a system of writing characterized by wedge-shaped impressions made by a stylus generally on a clay tablet or engraved on stone or metal. Cuneiform writing developed in ancient Mesopotamia at about the same time that hieroglyphic writing developed in Egypt. By the middle of the fourth millennium BCE, cuneiform was used in both Egypt and Mesopotamia to keep records, and it continued in use throughout areas under Mesopotamian control and influence until the 7th and 6th centuries BCE, when the Aramaic language and Phoenician script gradually replaced it. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived James Stevenson Collection. Vanderbilt University Divinity Library Cultures in Clay https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3462/Cooking-Pot.1.jpg 88b9dcd2bf83b6b369c38ce925f284a6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Cooking Pot] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 9th century BCE Description An account of the resource The cooking pot, excavated in 1996, was donated by the Megiddo Expedition, Tel Aviv University in 2001. This is a typical example of a cooking pot from the late Iron Age, confirmed by similarly-shaped finds at Hazor and Samaria. During this period Megiddo was an urban center of pottery production. Unlike the more rounded cooking pots of an earlier age, the body of this one is slightly squat. Also typical of this period is the ridged rim and two handles attached near the top. Note as well the discolored patches on the side, caused either by exposure to the elements, or by a fire which the assemblage of pottery in the stratum (IV-A) indicates occurred during this period. If the cause of the patches is indeed the fiery destruction, it is all the more astonishing that the pot survived intact. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Donated by the Megiddo Expedition, Tel Aviv University, 2001 Vanderbilt University Divinity Library Cultures in Clay https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3460/Oil-Lamp_1000_BCE.1.jpg 6390c6bc3cf6bef1ad0e3397fa1e1de6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Oil Lamp] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1st millennium BCE Description An account of the resource Lamps made from shells, concave stones, and other natural objects have been found from some 15,000 years ago. The advent of pottery offered new material that could readily be crafted and styled into different forms. Early examples were open bowls or saucers pinched one or more times on the edges to hold a wick of flax, which was lying in olive oil. Next a type of nozzle took the place of the pinch, and eventually the bowl was nearly closed with a spout to hold the wick. To complement their function in providing light, the lamps were often ornately decorated and even shaped into anthropomorphic and imaginative forms. Olive oil continued as the most widely used fuel. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Private Collection of Emeritus Professor Douglas A. Knight Cultures in Clay https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3459/Storage-Jar.1.jpg 0a1caf9c3fca658f40514a6401795bc1 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Storage Jar] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Iron Age in Israel Description An account of the resource Storage jars, ranging from small to large, preserved water, wine, and dry foods for domestic use throughout the year. Larger jars, amphorae with narrow necks and two handles each, could also transport goods a great distance. Marine archaeologists have discovered numerous such amphorae containing wine and olive oil in shipwrecks from the second and first millennium BCE. The storage jar here displayed is from the Iron Age in Israel, precise provenience unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Private Collection of Emeritus Professor Douglas A. Knight Cultures in Clay https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3458/Mosaic.1.jpg bdc59e662f7893e234d9a34a0e8b6c48 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Mosaic Tesserae] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1st millennium BCE Description An account of the resource Small tesserae or tiles were cut from stone and shaped in cubes or other forms to be used in creating a mosaic. They could be assembled with pieces of various colors to form simple or ornate designs and images. These tesserae are from the Roman period ca. first century CE and were discovered in an elegant home in ancient Aphek-Antipatris, a settlement located near present-day Tel Aviv, Israel, at the site of Tel Aphek. They were embedded in plaster to serve as a floor in the house. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Private Collection of Emeritus Professor Douglas A. Knight Cultures in Clay https://gallery.library.vanderbilt.edu/files/original/3457/Handles.1.jpg 63d7b844c2e8fcf4ddca53e2b16fcdd6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Pottery Vessel Handles] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 2nd -1st millennium BCE Description An account of the resource Many pots were created with handles, which often survive intact along with other sherds, and from their shapes and sizes archaeologists can identify the types and approximate dates of the vessels to which they were attached. The handles here displayed are from a large storage jar (probably hand-formed without use of a wheel, ca. mid-second millennium BCE); from a storage jar thrown on a wheel (first millennium BCE); and from a fine thin-walled vessel (probably Roman period). Discovered at Tel Aphek, Israel. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Private Collection of Emeritus Professor Douglas A. Knight Cultures in Clay